Background: Sustainable tourism planning requires the integration of environmental, economic, and sociocultural considerations. Local communities play a central role in shaping tourism outcomes, especially in regions where livelihoods and natural ecosystems are closely intertwined.

Objective: This study evaluates the role of local communities in sustainable tourism planning, focusing on participation frameworks, economic empowerment, cultural preservation, and environmental stewardship.

Methods: Using a mixed-methods case study approach, data were collected from three ecotourism destinations across South Asia. Fifty in-depth interviews, 12 focus group discussions, and 210 household surveys were conducted. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed, while quantitative indicators were assessed through descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Local community participation significantly improved resource conservation, increased tourism revenue distribution, and strengthened cultural identity. Destinations with high community involvement displayed better environmental outcomes and greater tourist satisfaction. However, challenges included limited decision-making authority, unequal benefit-sharing, lack of training, and external political influence.

Conclusion: Meaningful community engagement is essential for sustainable tourism. Participatory planning frameworks enhance community ownership, protect local ecology, and improve economic resilience. Policy interventions should strengthen capacity-building programs, decentralize decision-making, and integrate indigenous knowledge systems.