Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become essential in the global tourism landscape for strengthening destination marketing, enhancing competitive positioning, and mobilizing resources from multiple stakeholders. This paper examines the models, benefits, challenges, and governance structures of PPPs in destination marketing across diverse regions including Europe, Asia, North America, and Africa.

Drawing on 72 international case studies, interviews with 50 destination marketing leaders, and content analysis of DMO (Destination Management Organization) frameworks, the study identifies key elements of successful PPPs such as shared branding, common investment pools, data sharing, digital innovation, and unified promotional campaigns.

Findings emphasize that PPPs enhance global reach, professionalize marketing efforts, reduce financial burdens on governments, and strengthen crisis recovery strategies. However, conflicts of interest, unequal power distribution, accountability challenges, and short funding cycles hinder effectiveness. The study proposes a comprehensive PPP governance framework for sustainable destination marketing.